School psychologists play an essential role in supporting students’ mental health and fostering positive learning environments. They assess individual needs, collaborate with educators, and create strategies that help students thrive. Their work ensures that all students—regardless of background or ability—can succeed academically, socially, and emotionally.

A common question for those exploring this career is: Do school psychologists need a PhD? While advanced degrees like a PhD can lead to specialized opportunities, they are not always required to make a meaningful impact in the field.

Educational paths for a school psychologist range from Master’s and Educational Specialist (EdS) degrees to doctoral programs. Each route offers unique benefits and aligns with different professional goals. In this article, we’ll delve into these options and show how Alliant International University can support you on your journey to a rewarding career.

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What is a School Psychologist?

School psychologists are specialized professionals who combine expertise in psychology and education to support students' mental health and academic success.¹ They combine psychological expertise with educational strategies to ensure students can achieve their full potential in learning and emotional well-being. Understanding “what is school psychology” is essential to recognizing how these professionals make a difference in schools.

Key responsibilities include:

• Conducting assessments – School psychologists evaluate learning disabilities, behavioral concerns, and emotional challenges, using this information to create individualized support plans.
• Collaborating with stakeholders – These professionals work closely with teachers, parents, and administrators to design interventions that address the unique needs of each student and promote overall school success.
• Fostering safe environments – By advocating for inclusive policies and practices, a school psychologist helps establish nurturing spaces where all students feel supported, valued, and empowered to learn.

Their role is indispensable in shaping positive school climates. School psychologists are at the forefront of ensuring that educational settings meet the diverse needs of their students, fostering both resilience and academic achievement. Their efforts create inclusive communities that uplift students, families, and educators alike.

When comparing a school psychologist vs. clinical psychologist, it’s important to note that while both work in mental health, school psychologists specifically focus on the educational environment and student development. Clinical psychologists, on the other hand, generally work with a broader range of patients in different settings.

Do School Psychologists Need a PhD?

The simple answer? Not always.

While a PhD is one path to becoming a school psychologist, it’s not the only option.² Many professionals enter the field with a Master’s or an Educational Specialist (EdS) degree. The requirements often depend on the state where you wish to practice.

Here’s a breakdown:

• Master’s degrees – Offer foundational knowledge and prepare students for licensure in many states. These programs often include coursework in psychology, assessment techniques, and intervention strategies to equip future school psychologists with essential skills. Discover key highlights for our MAE in School Psychology program to help students gain hands-on experience and foster strong relationships with the educational community to prepare for the role.
• Educational Specialist (EdS) – A step beyond a master’s degree, typically including an internship for hands-on experience.³ The EdS degree allows students to apply their knowledge in real-world settings, fostering confidence and competence in their practice.
• PhD or PsyD – Focus on advanced research or clinical skills and may open doors to leadership, teaching, or specialized roles. These programs often emphasize in-depth expertise, preparing graduates to influence the field through innovation and leadership.

Required Degrees and Licensure

To practice as a licensed psychologist, you need both a degree and state-specific licensure. These qualifications ensure that you are equipped to address the diverse needs of students and meet professional standards. While requirements vary by state, the typical path includes:

1. Earning an accredited degree – Select a program that meets the standards of organizations like the National Association of School Psychologists (NASP).⁴ Alliant International University offers accredited credentials and post-graduate degree options tailored to various career stages, from foundational certifications to advanced studies.
2. Completing an internship – Practical experience is crucial. Internships provide hands-on opportunities to work under licensed professionals, bridging the gap between classroom learning and real-world application.
3. Passing certification exams – Most states require school psychologists to pass assessments such as the Praxis School Psychologist Exam.⁵ These exams validate your knowledge and readiness for professional practice.
4. Obtaining licensure – Each state has unique licensure requirements, including provisional licenses that allow you to start working while completing additional qualifications. Programs at Alliant International University are designed to help you navigate these state-specific pathways with confidence.

Whether you are just beginning your journey or advancing your career, flexible and comprehensive programs at Alliant International University empower you to meet the certification and licensure requirements needed to thrive as a school psychologist.

PhD vs. PsyD: What's the Difference?

If you’re considering an advanced degree, you may wonder whether a PhD or PsyD is the right fit. Here’s how they compare:⁶

• PhD (Doctor of Philosophy):
  • Focus – Emphasizes research and academia, preparing graduates to conduct studies, teach at universities, or develop evidence-based practices.
  • Ideal for – Those passionate about exploring new knowledge, advancing psychological science, or mentoring future professionals.
  • Time to complete – Typically 5 – 7 years, including a dissertation and extensive research requirements.
• PsyD (Doctor of Psychology):
  • Focus – Centers on clinical practice, equipping students to apply psychological principles in therapy and other practical settings.
  • Ideal for – Individuals aiming for hands-on roles in counseling, assessment, or applied psychology within schools or clinical environments.
  • Time to complete – Often shorter than a PhD, around 4 – 6 years, with more emphasis on clinical training than research.

Both paths can lead to fulfilling careers. Choosing the right program depends on your interests and professional aspirations. If you envision yourself driving new discoveries, a PhD might be your path. If your passion lies in directly supporting students and families, a PsyD may align better.

Explore online school psychology programs at Alliant International University to find the perfect fit for your goals.

Benefits of Pursuing a PsyD in School Psychology

Earning a PsyD in school psychology offers transformative opportunities for career growth and leadership. With a doctoral degree, you can:

• Qualify for leadership roles – Positions like district-level administrator or university faculty allow you to shape educational practices and mentor future professionals.
• Contribute to research – Conduct studies that inform policies and address critical challenges in education and mental health.
• Expand career options – Access high-level roles in higher education, consulting, or specialized areas like neuropsychology.

Alliant International University’s advanced programs are tailored to support your journey toward earning a PsyD. With expert faculty, flexible learning options, and a curriculum designed to meet your goals, Alliant prepares you for impactful careers in research, leadership, and life improvement.

Alternative Paths: Master’s Programs and Licensure

Not everyone needs or wants to pursue a doctoral degree. For those eager to start their careers sooner or focus on direct student support, a master’s program in school psychology or school counseling is an excellent choice. These programs provide:

• Quicker entry – Begin your journey in educational settings within 2 – 3 years. Master’s programs offer a streamlined path to licensure, enabling you to quickly apply your skills in real-world environments.
• Licensure-ready – Many states grant licensure to those with a master’s degree, especially when it’s paired with an EdS qualification. This pathway ensures you can practice and make a meaningful impact sooner.
• Focused training – Gain the essential skills required to assess, counsel, and support students without the need for intensive research. These programs prioritize practical application, making you career-ready.

Master’s programs at Alliant International University are designed to support your professional goals with flexible scheduling and online options. Perfect for working professionals, these programs prepare you for licensure and provide the foundation for a rewarding career in school psychology or counseling.

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Can You Work as a School Psychologist Without a PhD?

Yes, you can!

Many states offer pathways for school psychologists to work without a PhD, including earning a master’s or EdS degree.⁷ These routes are ideal for those who want to:

• Start their careers sooner with a streamlined educational path.
• Focus on providing direct support to students rather than conducting extensive research.
• Gain hands-on experience through internships and supervised practice.

Licensure and certification are crucial components of this process. States generally require candidates to:

• Pass certification exams – Such as the Praxis School Psychologist Exam, to validate their knowledge and skills.
• Complete supervised practice hours – These practical experiences prepare professionals to meet the demands of school settings.
• Earn degrees from accredited programs – Ensuring they meet professional standards for practice.

These qualifications enable professionals to work effectively in schools, providing assessments, counseling, and interventions to support student success. For example, states like California can grant licensure to school psychologists with specialist-level degrees, ensuring they are well-equipped to make an impact without needing a doctoral degree.⁸

Alliant International University offers programs that cater to these career paths, preparing graduates for licensure and certification. With guidance from our programs, you can embark on a fulfilling career in school psychology, meeting the diverse needs of students and educational communities.

How We Prepare You for a School Psychology Career

We provide diverse pathways for aspiring school psychologists, emphasizing flexibility, practical experience, and strong support systems.

Educational Paths:

• Master’s and EdS programs – Perfect for those seeking quicker licensure and a direct career path.
• PhD programs – Advanced opportunities for leadership, research, and specialization.

Key Features of Alliant’s Programs:

• Flexible formats – Online options cater to working professionals.
• Hands-on training – Gain real-world experience through internships.
• Comprehensive support – Benefit from a network of mentors, advisors, and peers.

Whether you’re beginning your journey or advancing your career, Alliant’s programs are tailored to equip you with the tools and expertise to thrive in school psychology.

Ready to take the next step? Explore School Counseling Degree and School Psychology Programs at Alliant International University and find the one that aligns with your goals. Your future in supporting students starts here.

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Sources:

1. Mikaela Pulse, MA, MS, and Wesley Sims, PhD. “School Psychologists: Working at the Intersection of Psychology and Education” Psychology Student Network. September 2023. https://www.apa.org/ed/precollege/psn/2023/09/school-psychologists. Accessed January 19, 2025.
2. “Overview of Differences Among Degrees in School Psychology.”  NASP. April 2017. https://www.nasponline.org/Documents/About%20School%20Psychology/Overvi…. Accessed January 19, 2025.
3. Sarah Mahuron. “What Is an Education Specialist Degree?”. Chron.  https://work.chron.com/education-specialist-degree-7898.html. Accessed January 19, 2025.
4. “Selecting a Graduate Program.” NASP. 2024. https://www.nasponline.org/about-school-psychology/selecting-a-graduate…. Accessed January 19, 2025.
5. “School Psychologist (5403): About The Test.” Praxis. 2023. https://praxis.ets.org/test/5403.html. Accessed January 19, 2025.
6. Brandon Galarita. “Psy.D. Vs. Ph.D.: Which Is The Right Fit For You?” Forbes. January 2, 2024. https://www.forbes.com/advisor/education/psychology-and-counseling/psyd…. Accessed January 19, 2025.
7. “A Career in School Psychology: Frequently Asked Questions”. NASP. 2024. https://www.nasponline.org/about-school-psychology/selecting-a-graduate…. Accessed January 19, 2025.
8. “State licensure and certification information for psychologists.” American Psychological Association Services Inc.  April 2022. https://www.apaservices.org/practice/ce/state/state-info. Accessed January 19, 2025.